Professional Experience in Times of COVID-19

This study examined the preparedness and capabilities of pre-service teachers in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic when many schools were teaching online. The university curriculum was adapted to enable pre-service teachers to explore suitable pedagogies to not only teach remotely but to engage their students using contemporary technology-based learning materials. The school in this study was in a low socio-economic area with diverse students, many with a language back-ground other than English. This study was thus positioned at the intersection of what is known as trauma-informed education, professional learning and the resilience of both practising and pre-service teachers. The study used a case-study method-ology with data collected from online surveys and group interviews on Zoom. The participants were pre-service teachers from the university and staff, including super-vising teachers, from the school. The data from both the surveys and the group inter-views were analysed thematically, guided by a theoretical framework addressing the intersection of resilience, trauma-informed education, and professional learning. Resilience in coping with the unusual classroom context was enhanced by the smaller number of students in class;the greater range of life experiences of the more mature pre-service teachers;and the skills and experience of the school's teachers to support and mentor the pre-service teachers. The guidance provided by the university in conjunction with the experience of the school's teachers enhanced the pre-service teachers' ability to manage trauma-affected students. The greatest source of trauma was when students who were learning remotely returned to school as they struggled to catch up on work missed and the mental-health issues that resulted. Pre-service teachers stated that as a result of the combination of the adapted university course work and the practical learning during professional experience their preparedness was significantly enhanced. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023, corrected publication 2023.

One-minute-sit-to-stand-test elicits less desaturation than 6MWT in advanced respiratory disease

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic pulmonary rehabilitation moved to a telehealth platform and the 1-min sit-to-stand test (1minSTS) was often used instead of the 6-min walk test (6MWT) to evaluate functional exercise capacity. We sought to determine;(i) the extent to which the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) could be estimated from the number of repetitions achieved during the 1minSTS and, (ii) agreement in cardiorespiratory responses elicited collected during the tests. Method(s): Data were extracted from medical records on all people who attended the advanced lung disease service at Fiona Stanley Hospital between September 2021 and January 2022. Pulse rate and oxygen saturation (SpO 2) were measured continuously during both tests using a pulse oximeter. Symptoms were quantified using the Borg scale (0 to 10). Result(s): Data were available on 80 participants (43 males;age 64 +/- 10 years;FEV 1 1.65 +/- 0.77 L). Compared with the 6MWT, the 1minSTS resulted in a higher nadir (mean difference [MD] 4%, 95% CI 3 to 5), higher peak pulse rate (MD 8 bpm, 95% CI 5 to 11), similar intensity of dyspnoea (MD -0.3, 95% CI -0.6 to 0.1) and greater leg fatigue (MD 1.1, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.6). Of those who demonstrated severe desaturation (SpO 2 nadir <85%) on the 6MWT (n = 18), 5 and 10 were classified as moderate (SpO 2 nadir 85% to 89%) or mild desaturators (SpO 2 nadir >= 90%), respectively on the 1minSTS. The equation that represented the relationship between 6MWD and 1minSTS was: 6MWD (m) = 247 + (7 x number of transitions achieved during the 1minSTS;r 2 = 0.44). Conclusion(s): The 6MWT elicited greater desaturation, a lower peak pulse rate and greater leg fatigue than the 1minSTS. A smaller proportion of people will be classified as 'severe desaturators' using the 1minSTS test. The capacity to estimate the 6MWD using results of the 1minSTS is limited.

Translational Model-Based Meta-Analysis -a Powerful Quantitative Tool in Developing Vaccines against Sars-Cov- 2 Variants

BACKGROUND: Quantitative models leveraging non-clinical data to predict clinical vaccine efficacy provide a translational framework to rapidly develop vaccines/ boosters against new strains of SARS-CoV- 2. METHOD(S): Previously, based on a systematic literature review, we performed a translational Model-Based Meta-Analysis (MBMA)1 integrating data of wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV- 2 from 13 rhesus macaques (RM) studies and eight clinical trials. The model is here updated with data from 32 additional RM studies including newer strains of SARS-CoV- 2 (e.g., omicron). Non-linear mixed-effects modeling was used to quantify the relationship in RM between serum neutralizing (SN) titers after vaccination and peak viral load (VL) post challenge in relevant tissue matrices. RESULT(S): The plot2 shows the model describes the relationship between SN titers and peak VL across all specimens well. The overlap between the confidence intervals across virus strains suggests that the model can be leveraged to describe RM data across viral SARS-CoV- 2 strains. CONCLUSION(S): The previous work1 demonstrated that RM VL is quantitatively predictive of clinical efficacy, and so this update provides a framework to predict clinical vaccine efficacy against newer variants using only RM data (Figure Presented).

COVID-19 among University of Otago students living in North Dunedin households in the first half of 2022: was the prevalence underestimated?

Aims: To estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 among occupants of North Dunedin student flats between Flat Orientation Week (Flo-Week, week starting 14 February 2022) and the end of Semester 1 (week starting 30 May 2022);to investigate the potential under-reporting of cases to the University of Otago and under-recording of positive rapid antigen test (RAT) results in My Covid Record;to explore the COVID-related experiences of students during the above period. methods: Randomly selected households in the North Dunedin area were visited at the end of Semester 1 and oral consent was sought for a short interview comprising closed- and open-ended questions. Households were eligible for inclusion if at least one resident was a University of Otago student. Result(s): One hundred and thirty-five (96.4%) of 140 eligible households participated, and in 94.1% of these households at least one resident tested positive for COVID-19 between the start of Flo-Week and the date of the interview (a mean period of 109 days [standard deviation 3.6]). In total, 73.6% of the occupants in the participating households tested positive. Of the cases who were University of Otago students, 60.4% reported their positive status to the University. Of all cases diagnosed via a RAT, 66.9% uploaded their result to My Covid Record. Students reported various academic, financial and mental health stresses associated with the general COVID-19 situation during the study period. Conclusion(s): These findings suggest that the number of COVID-19 cases reported to the University of Otago between Flo-Week and the end of Semester 1 was a substantial underestimate of the true number, as was the number of cases recorded in My Covid Record. The findings also highlight the considerable impact that COVID-19 had on students during Semester 1.Copyright © 2023 New Zealand Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Changes and Disparities in Nature Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Time in nature is associated with a range of physical and psychological benefits. These benefits tend to be unevenly distributed, with non-white and low-income communities often having lower access to nature than richer, more white neighborhoods. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit the United States in Spring 2020, changes in daily routines, restrictions on public nature access, and risk perceptions may have affected whether and how much people spent time in nature. We explore how nature access changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and how those changes were experienced by different demographic groups. We surveyed representative samples of California and New York residents (n = 2,036) in May and June of 2020 and examined differences in nature access and nature-related COVID restrictions and risks by gender, income and race. We find that, on average, the pandemic was associated with reductions in frequency of nature access and less time in nature for all respondents. However, these trends were greatest for women, people of color and people who are low-income. Moreover, the pandemic seems to have widened prior inequalities: low-income and non-white people accessed nature even less frequently and had fewer nature access options than they did prior to the pandemic. Given the disparities in broader pandemic impacts by gender, income, and race, these results further demonstrate the inequalities laid bare by COVID-19. Copyright © 2022 Byerly Flint, Hammond Wagner and Watson.

Changes and Disparities in Nature Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Time in nature is associated with a range of physical and psychological benefits. These benefits tend to be unevenly distributed, with non-white and low-income communities often having lower access to nature than richer, more white neighborhoods. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit the United States in Spring 2020, changes in daily routines, restrictions on public nature access, and risk perceptions may have affected whether and how much people spent time in nature. We explore how nature access changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and how those changes were experienced by different demographic groups. We surveyed representative samples of California and New York residents (n = 2,036) in May and June of 2020 and examined differences in nature access and nature-related COVID restrictions and risks by gender, income and race. We find that, on average, the pandemic was associated with reductions in frequency of nature access and less time in nature for all respondents. However, these trends were greatest for women, people of color and people who are low-income. Moreover, the pandemic seems to have widened prior inequalities: low-income and non-white people accessed nature even less frequently and had fewer nature access options than they did prior to the pandemic. Given the disparities in broader pandemic impacts by gender, income, and race, these results further demonstrate the inequalities laid bare by COVID-19.

Impact of COVID-19 on frontline pharmacists' roles and services around the world: The INSPIRE Worldwide Survey

Objectives: Evaluate the impact of COVID19 on pharmacists' roles and services around the world Methods: A cross-sectional online survey with pharmacists who provided direct patient care during the pandemic. Pharmacists were recruited through social media with assistance from national and international pharmacy organisations. The survey was divided into three sections: 1) demographics, 2) pharmacists' roles and services during the pandemic 3) practice challenges. The data were analysed using SPSS 28, and descriptive statistics were used to report frequencies and percentages. Result(s): A total of 419 pharmacists practicing in 25 countries provided consent to participate. The most common role that pharmacists undertook was responding to drug information requests (90%), followed by allaying patients' fears and anxieties about COVID19 (82.6%), then addressing misinformation about COVID19 treatments and vaccinations (80.4%), and educating the public on strategies to reduce COVID19 transmission (e.g., handwashing) (80.2%). Despite the demands of the pandemic, pharmacists continued to provide clinical services regularly. Managing and/or monitoring patients' chronic diseases was the most frequently provided service (72.6%), followed by treating ambulatory conditions (65.4%), then renewing/extending prescriptions (58%) and prescribing emergency supply refills (52.7%). Interestingly, almost half of the participants reported administering COVID19 vaccines (45.6%). Pharmacists reported being involved in pandemic management through consultations, policy development and participating in taskforces. The most common challenge that pharmacists encountered was increased stress level (84.7%), followed by medication shortages (73.8%), general supply shortages (71.8%), inadequate staffing (69.2%), and concern for the safety of self and others (66.8%). Conclusion(s): Despite the uncertainty, the massive pressure, and the constant need to adapt, pharmacists around the world continued to put the patient first, providing them with highest quality services and making sure that all their needs are met. Pharmacists are definitely the unsung heroes of pandemic and their actions should cement their place as an essential health service.

Design principles for dual mode readiness in an uncertain future

This paper proposes four principles for managers and higher education educators who are designing units and programmes so as to be dual mode ready. `Dual mode’ design and delivery enables students to equitably complete their studies fully online, while also offering on-campus experiences where possible. The four principles are: (1) All learning outcomes can be met irrespective of participation mode;(2) Teaching-learning activities are equitable across participation modes;(3) All students have equivalent opportunity to demonstrate achievement of learning outcomes;and (4) ‘Online ready’ design. Being dual mode ready will likely remain important as on-campus delivery may not be possible for all students. Further, universities may need to pivot rapidly to fully online delivery for a range of reasons, including pandemic-related circumstances. The four principles provide guidance on how best to ensure equity and fairness for students and teachers in a dual mode context. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Miller Fisher Syndrome in the Last Three Decades: A Systematic Review

Objective: The last retrospective systematic review on Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) took place in 1992. To understand the evolving nature of the disease and to update the clinical picture, diagnostic testing, treatment, and prognosis, a retrospective systematic review of 174 cases of MFS published in the last three decades was performed. Method(s): We screened 1034 articles on the PUBMED search engine. Out of these articles, 153 met the inclusion criteria of case reports/series published in English after 1992. Each case contained at least two signs of the triad, with the presence or absence of GQ1B antibodies. The Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for data analysis. Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) was used to assess the quality of the systematic reviews. Finding(s): 174 cases were included, with five case series. Sinopulmonary infection (60%) and gastrointestinal infection (18%) were the most common preceding illnesses, while eight cases occurred after the onset of a COVID-19 infection, and seven had recent exposure to monoclonal antibodies. We found that misdiagnosis was seen in 13.8% of cases, stroke being the most common misnomer. Residual symptoms were reported in 30% of cases, death in three and recurrence in twelve. IVIG was the most frequently used treatment option (51.1%). Severity score was significantly associated with treatment (p=0.0195);however, it was not associated with age (p=0.4255), gender (p=0.7893), GQ1b antibody presence/level (p=0.3870/ p=0.6891), or non-GQ1B (p=0.5426) status. The outcome with residual symptoms was favorable for younger patients (Age 1-18: p=0.0223) and not associated with treatment. Mechanical ventilation (13.8%), feeding tube placement (9.8%), autonomic insufficiency (8.6%), and a patient requiring a cardiac pacemaker were the top three complications. Conclusion(s): Physicians should recognize the protean clinical manifestation of MFS and recognize the various recent preceding factors like COVID-19 and monoclonal antibodies. The benefit provided by the treatment is unclear. Therefore, further studies will be required to identify patients who should be treated and the appropriate treatment to maximize patient outcomes.

The Development of a Student Organization that SupportsMinorities in Computing (Experience)

This paper discusses the recognized need for an organization focused on serving students from underrepresented populations in the computing field at Texas A&M University, describing the formation of the Aggie Hispanics in Computing group. In 2016, the combined undergraduate and graduate Hispanic enrollment in computer science and computer engineering at Texas A&M University initially sat at 17.9% and then decreased to approximately 11.76% in 2021, with undergraduate Hispanic enrollment in computing reduced from almost 22% to under 15% in that same time frame. This significant shift in Hispanic student representation spurred the development of the Aggie Hispanics In Computing (AHIC) student organization to create a computing community that provides support around the shared experiences of being part of a minority group in an even less diverse discipline. The university, overall, was recently recognized as a Hispanic-Serving Institution, but the College of Engineering remains a predominately-white institution. This new organization is not the only Hispanic-serving organization at Texas A&M University;rather, it was designed to focus particularly on serving Hispanic students in the computer science and computer engineering disciplines at Texas A&M University. The organization was founded during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Since then, AHIC has grown significantly in membership, financial support, and activities to increase the representation of Hispanic students within the computing disciplines at Texas A&M University. The organization has grown from 6 to over 50 members from various majors in the past year alone. AHIC has also received financial support from a multitude of companies, such as General Motors and Chevron. AHIC's overall goal is to create a supportive community for minorities in computing fields. This community has grown through hosting events that provide information and resources about professional career opportunities, technical workshops, mentoring programs, and participation in research groups. AHIC has also initiated several long-term initiatives, such as peer-teaching for introductory computer science courses. AHIC's promotion of career-guidance events (where company representatives and alumni provide advice for currently enrolled students) proved to be an effective strategy for recruiting members. The organization has also hosted seminars and workshops educating first-year students on new computing skills and the opportunities that a computer science and computer engineering degree can provide. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022.

The Development of Job Aids to Support the Use of Field Instruments, Methods, and Techniques by Environment and Climate Change Canada’s Environmental Emergency Personnel

Environment and Climate Change Canada’s (ECCC’s) Emergencies Science and Technology Section (ESTS) is tasked with providing scientific and technical advice to its federal partners during environmental emergencies including oil spill incidents. In addition, ESTS maintains a wide array of field instrumentation and equipment, which is available to support different areas of a spill response such as detection and monitoring, health and safety, and sampling. During a response, ESTS needs to quickly, and effectively, convey to ECCC Environmental Emergencies Officers what tools and equipment could be available for the response, and how they can help meet ECCCs objectives for the response. This can often be a challenge, especially when ESTS personnel cannot deploy on-site alongside the instrumentation and equipment, as the information must be provided in an easily understandable format, yet thorough enough to ensure proper usage of the particular tool or piece of equipment. To address these challenges, ESTS has begun the development of a suite of job aids or “Tactical Sheets”. Each Tactical Sheet contains necessary, condensed, information on a field method or equipment maintained by ESTS for use at an environmental emergency. The goal of these Tactical Sheets is to highlight what the specific objectives for ECCC are, and how a given piece of equipment or method can help meet that objective at a response. These Tactical Sheets come with a number of features including a standardized format, a visually appealing design layout, a required equipment list, a simplified procedure, and a summary of the typical use for the particular tool or piece of equipment. ESTS has begun trialing these Tactical Sheets at certain incidents throughout the Covid-19 pandemic to increase ESTS’ capability of providing remote support when on-site presence is not an option. These Tactical Sheets are meant to bolster ESTS’ portfolio of support options available to our partners during environmental emergency responses. This paper will present information on the program to update field methods used during an environmental emergency by ECCC. © 2022 44th AMOP Technical Seminar on Environmental Contamination and Response. All rights reserved.

Cross-Species Translation of Correlates of Protection for COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates Using Quantitative Tools

Background. Several COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized, and the need for rapid, further modification is anticipated. This work uses a Model-Based Meta-Analysis (MBMA) to relate, across species, immunogenicity to peak viral load (VL) after challenge and to clinical efficacy. Together with non-clinical and/or early clinical immunogenicity data (ECID), this enables prediction of a candidate vaccine's clinical efficacy. The goal of this work was to enable the accelerated development of vaccine candidates by supporting Go/No-Go and study design decisions, and the resulting MBMA can be instrumental in decisions not to progress candidates to late stage development. Methods. A literature review with pre-specified inclusion/exclusion criteria enabled creation of a database including nonclinical serum neutralizing titers (SN), peak VL after challenge with SARS-CoV-2 (VL), along with data from several clinical vaccine candidates. Rhesus Macaque (RM) and golden hamster (GH) were selected (due to availability and consistency of data) for MBMA modeling. For both RM and GH, peak post-challenge VL in lung and nasal tissues were used as surrogates for clinical disease and were related to pre-challenge SN via the MBMA. The VL predictions from the RM MBMA were scaled to incidence rates in humans, with a scaling factor between RM and human SN estimated using early Phase 3 efficacy data. This enabled clinical efficacy predictions based on ECID. To qualify the model's predictive power, efficacies of COVID-19 vaccine candidates were compared to those predicted from the MBMA and their respective Ph1/2 SN data. More recently available clinical data enable building a clinical MBMA;comparing this to the RM MBMA further supports SN as predictive. Results. The MBMA analyses identified a sigmoidal decrease in VL (increasing protection) with increase in SN in all three species, with more SN needed (in both RM and GH) for protection in nasal swabs than in BAL (see figure). The comparison between predicted and reported clinical efficacies demonstrated the model's predictive power across vaccine platforms. RM and GH MBMA Protection Models and Translational Prediction with Observed Efficacies Sizes of circles indicate relative weight of the data in the respective quantitative model. Model and data visualizations have been harmonized (across tissue-types) separately for each of RM and GH using VACHER (Lommerse, et al., CPT:PSP, in press). Conclusion. By quantifying adjustments needed between species and assays, translational MBMA can inform development decisions by using nonclinical SN and VL, and ECID to predict protection from COVID-19.

Establishing virtual multidisciplinary round in belfast trust nursing homes: Pharmacist, nursing & healthcare team collaboration

Introduction: During the first covid surge, 25% of Belfast HSC Trust (BHSCT) care homes were affected, rising to 44% by surge 3, resulting in limited face to face access for healthcare professionals. Nursing home residents required medicine reviews post-covid infection to optimise medicines and reduce pill burden. Method: The Care Home Nursing Support Team (CHNST), consultant pharmacist for older people and the lead care home pharmacist medicines optimisation older people (MOOP), rapidly established a multidisciplinary virtual round. Four main steps included: • establishing Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) • proforma template design • inclusion of resident • evaluation An SOP was established to ensure consistent pathway for nursing home inclusion criteria and team roles. The inclusion group included residents who were furthest from their baseline including weight loss, swallowing difficulties, decreased mobility, altered sitting balance and polypharmacy. The pharmacist developed a proforma template for completion by the nursing home staff to gather key information ahead of the round to improve efficiency eg swallow, renal function, pain, falls risk. The care home resident was included on video link by ipad following careful consent processes. Benefits included enhanced assessment of frailty, mobility, dexterity and adherence. Results: • 40% residents reviewed had increased Rockwood frailty score • 50% residents reviewed had weight loss post-covid- average 4.8 kg • Average 2.4 pharmacy medicines interventions per resident including: •Reducing doses & nephrotoxic medicines due to poor renal function •Deprescribing •Onward referral to psychiatry for signs of depression •Formulation changes due to swallowing difficulties •Evaluation from the multidisciplinary team and nursing home staff was overwhelmingly positive, emphasising the opportunity for shared learning Conclusion: The multidisciplinary care home rounds provided an efficient means to collaborate with other professionals, while providing holistic&patient-focussed care. Plans are underway for development of an NI MOOP care home pathway.

Trends in cancer screening volumes at an urban health center during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted cancer screening for reasons including healthcare resource preservation, infection control efforts, and patient factors. There is limited literature quantifying this interruption of care, particularly in vulnerable and racial/ethnic minorities. Methods: We compared the volume of cancer screening at the University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using data obtained from the electronic medical record. Modalities included mammogram, ultrasound, and MRI for breast;Pap test for cervical;colonoscopy, CT colonography, and flexible sigmoidoscopy for colorectal;low-dose CT for lung;and prostate-specific antigen test for prostate. Of note, screening and diagnostic tests could not be distinguished for colorectal cancer. We examined percent changes in cancer screening counts for each month from February 2020-August 2020, using January 2020 as a reference. Results were stratified by gender, race, and ethnicity. Results: Screening volume declined rapidly after January 2020, with the nadir for each cancer site occurring in April 2020: breast (n = 0, -100%), cervical (n = 169, -84%), colorectal (n = 35, -89%), lung (n = 0, -100%), and prostate (n = 108, -72%). Values recovered by August 2020 for most cancer sites except cervical cancer, which remained decreased (-23%). There were no differences in screening trends by gender. With respect to race, breast screening volume in Black patients decreased earlier and exhibited slower recovery compared to White patients. White patients had poorer cervical screening recovery than Black patients by August 2020 (-60% vs. -23%). Hispanics had poorer recovery of breast screening compared to non-Hispanics by August 2020 (-23% vs. 6%). Conclusions: We observed widely decreased cancer screening attributable to COVID-19. Breast cancer screening data specifically showed persistent disparities affecting Black and Hispanic patients. Despite the reassuring recovery of multiple screening methods by August 2020, an increase above baseline is needed to compensate for initial declines. Further studies will likely reveal long-term consequences of this unprecedented situation.

Pulmonary blood volume in older adults assessed by dual-energy computed tomography: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (mesa) lung study

Rationale The pulmonary vasculature is critical for gas exchange, impacts both pulmonary and cardiac function, and has renewed importance due to COVID-19. Pulmonary blood volume is, however, technically difficult to assess, generally requiring invasive methodology for quantification. Prior studies are limited in size and participant enrollment was selective;therefore, variation in the general population is largely unknown. We performed contrast-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in a multicenter, community-based cohort to describe variation in pulmonary perfused blood volume (PBV) in the community. MethodsThe Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) recruited adults from six sites. The MESA Lung Study invited all MESA participants attending Exam 6 (2017-18), excluding those with kidney disease and contrast allergy, to undergo DECT at functional residual capacity via Siemens Flash or Force scanner: CareDose on, pitch 0.55, 0.25 sec exposure, 0.5mm slice thickness, iterative reconstruction (Admire) with Qr40 Kernel. Half concentration 370mg/ml Iopamidol was delivered at 4ml/s for the full scan, starting 17 seconds prior to scanning, including a ∼4 sec breath hold. PBV was calculated by material decomposition and normalized with iodine concentration in the pulmonary trunk. Generalized linear regression models included age, sex, race/ethnicity, height, weight, smoking status, site, and education.ResultsDECT scans were acquired for 714 participants, 36 of which were excluded due to image quality. Mean age of the remaining 678 participants was 71 years (range 63 - 79), 55% were male, 51% were ever smokers, and the race/ethnic distribution was 41% White, 29% Black, 17% Hispanic, and 13% Asian. Mean PBV was 468 + 151mL. The strongest demographic correlate was lower PBV with greater age (-30 mL per 10 years, 95% CI: -43, -18, p<0.001). Pulmonary PBV was positively associated with height, weight, and male sex (all P<0.001). PBV was lower in former compared to never smokers (p =0.04) and in Black than White participants (p=0.002), but not in Hispanic or Asian participants. There were no consistent differences across education or study site. Results were similar after adjustment for lung function and percent emphysema on CT.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first assessment of pulmonary PBV in a large, multiethnic, general community sample. Pulmonary PBV assessed by contrast-enhanced DECT was substantially reduced with advancing age and varied with body size, sex, former smoking, and, to a lesser extent, Black race. Understanding variation in pulmonary PBV in the general population may elucidate risk of cardiopulmonary disease and physical function.